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superspreading
database.com		light red cells indicate uncertaintylight yellow cells contain placeholder dataREADMEARTICLEPROJECT WEBSITEBUBBLE MAPTIMELINEMEDIAHOW TO CITE
***database actively updated until early 2021, sporadically thereafter***
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Note that the database is NOT a representative sample of superspreading events. Please read this article for more information about the limitations of the database
Cases: empty cell = no data
Risk factors: empty cell = no data
Precautions Take: empty cell = no data
Other: empty cell = no data
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CodeCountryCity/RegionLatLongSetting1DescriptionSetting2Setting3Indoor / OutdoorTotal CasesCases at and/or Before EventIndex CasesSecondary CasesTotal Pop at EventTertiary CasesIndex Date (Day-Month)ReferenceFlu SeasonSetting 4:
Vocalizing		Setting5: RefrigerationFace MaskSocial DistancingDisinfectionHand SanitizerAir PurificationVentilationScreeningDurationOutcomeTransmission ModeDate Added / Updated
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ARG1ArgentiniaUshuaia, Argentina-56.280-62.6800Ship: FishingEchizen Maru fishing trawlerIndoor / Outdoor5704/07/2020SCMPyesyes21/07/2020
41
ATA1AntarcticaAntarctica Peninsula, Antarctica-71.724-52.3676Ship: CruiseMC Greg Mortimer cruise ship to AntarcticaIndoor12815/03/2020The Lighthousenono27/06/2020
42
ATA2AntarcticaGeneral Bernardo O'Higgins Base
Antarctica		-63.322-57.8989Research baseGeneral Bernardo O’Higgins Riquelme research baseIndoor363620/12/2020Guardianyes22/12/2020
43
AUS01AustraliaMelbourne, VIC, Australia-37.825144.9787ShoppingRetail / HospitalityIndoor / Outdoor4001/04/2020ABCnono30/08/2020
44
AUS02AustraliaMelbourne, Victoria-37.872144.9821HospitalIndoor1522/03/2020Herald Sunnono30/08/2020
45
AUS05AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia-33.8686151.2094Ship: CruiseRuby PrincessIndoor66210/03/2020Guardian articlenono30/08/2020
46
AUS06AustraliaStanwell Tops, NSW, Australia-34.222150.9715WeddingIndoor / Outdoor4306/03/2020Daily Mail articlenoyesno30/08/2020
47
AUS07AustraliaTasman Sea-35.622105154.194614Ship: CruiseIndoor50915/03/2020Offshore Energynono30/08/2020
48
AUS08AustraliaBondi Beach, New South Wales, Australia-33.89088151.275343BarBucket List BarPartyIndoor / Outdoor2015/03/2020Sydney Morning Heraldnoyesno25/06/2020
49
AUS09AustraliaBondi Beach, New South Wales, Australia-33.79088151.775343RestaurantBondi Hardware restaurantDinnerIndoor1015/03/2020Sydney Morning Heraldnono25/06/2020
50
AUS10AustraliaSydney, New South Wales, Australia-33.98150.9BarCrossroads Hotel in south-west SydneyIndoor3403/07/2020ABC Newsyesyesno21/07/2020
51
AUS11AustraliaAshburton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia-37.866145.08Childcare centerClever kids childcare centerIndoor2114/07/2020ABC Newsyesno31/07/2020
52
AUS12AustraliaTruganina, Victoria, Australia-37.8143.73CollegeAl Taqwa College Indoor16405/07/20207Newsyesno31/07/2020
53
AUS13AustraliaWerribee, Victoria, Australia-37.9144.6Nursing homeGlendale Aged CareIndoor2307/07/2020ABCyesno31/07/2020
54
AUS14AustraliaHeidelberg West, Victoria, Australia-37.748145.04Nursing homeEstia Health’s Heidelberg WestIndoor3410/07/2020The Saturday Paperyesno31/07/2020
55
AUS15AustraliaEssendon, Victoria, Australia-37.674144.9Nursing homeMenarock LIFE aged care EssendonIndoor5501/07/2020The Saturday Paperyesno31/07/2020
56
AUS16AustraliaBendigo, Victoria, Australia-36.769144.28SchoolPrimary SchoolIndoor16 07/08/2020ABCyesno12/08/2020
57
AUS17AustraliaBendigo, Victoria, Australia-36.771144.26Meat ProcessingHazeldene's Chicken Farm Indoor2008/08/2020ABCyesyesyes12/08/2020
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AUS18AustraliaGeelong, Victoria, Australia-38.184144.371Meat ProcessingGolden Farms PoultryIndoor4408/08/2020ABCyesyesyes12/08/2020
59
AUS19AustraliaCherrybrook, New South Wales, Australia-33.724151.043SchoolTangara School for GirlsIndoor1708/08/2020Daily Mailyesno12/08/2020
60
AUS20AustraliaGeelong, Victoria, Australia-38.179144.361Nursing homeOpal South ValleyIndoor3815/07/2020ABCyesno12/08/2020
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AUS21AustraliaEpping, Victoria, Australia-37.642145.015Nursing homeEpping Gardens aged care Indoor18420/07/2020ABCyesno12/08/2020
62
AUS22AustraliaFawkner, Victoria, Australia-37.705144.97Nursing homeSt Basil’s home for the agedIndoor16310/07/2020Guardianyesno12/08/2020
63
AUS23AustraliaArdeer, Victoria, Australia-37.775144.801Nursing homeEstia aged care facility in ArdeerIndoor14505/07/2020Guardianyesno12/08/2020
64
AUS23AustraliaBrooklyn, Victoria, Australia-37.8144.805Meat ProcessingSomerville Retail ServicesIndoor16505/07/2020Guardianyesyesyes12/08/2020
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AUS24AustraliaThomastown, Victoria, Australia-37.689145.0147Meat ProcessingBertocchi SmallgoodsIndoor20220/07/2020ABCyesyesyes12/08/2020
66
AUS25AustraliaMelbourne, Victoria, Australia-37.779144.947Rehabilitation / MedicalMelbourne Health Royal Park CampusCampusHotelIndoor9205/07/2020Guardianyesno12/08/2020
67
AUS26AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia-33.837151.092HospitalConcord hospital emergency departmentIndoor111106/09/2020ABCyesno11/09/2020
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AUS27AustraliaBundoora, Victoria, Australia-37.705145.061SchoolNino Early Learning CentreIndoor4515/07/2020Guardianyesno12/08/2020
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AUS28AustraliaLiverpool, New South Wales, Australia-33.919150.941Dinner partyAsymptomatic healthcare worker infects 4 friends at dinner partty at homeHomeIndoor5503/10/2020ABCnono10/10/2020
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AUS29AustraliaPerth, Australia-29.009132.3726Plane5 Hour domestic flight from Sydney to Perth, with 18 people already infected before the flightIndoor26261824119/03/2020Speake et alnonononox5Htesting, contact tracing, quarantining of close contacts of cases26/11/2020
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AUS30AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia-33.82151.79Churchindex case sang in choir during 4 church servicesChoirIndoor13131250816/07/2020Katelaris et alyesyesnonoyes4 * 1 hourtesting, quarantining of close contacts and people who tested positivesuspected airborne transmission05/04/2021
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AUT1AustriaIschgl, Austria47.011746410.2805853BarIndoor1603/03/2020CNN articleyesyesno30/08/2020
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AUT2AustriaLosenstein, Austria47.92314.438Choir: PracticeIndoor4306/03/2020LA Timesyesyesno17/09/2020
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AUT3AustriaVöcklabruck, Upper Austria, Austria48.00513.653Choir: Performance11 singers in church choirReligiousIndoor1511418/10/2020Kurierborderlineyesno09/11/2020
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AUT4AustriaInnsbruck, Austria47.26211.403ChoirTiroler LandestheaterIndoor2528/10/2020Ages.atborderlineyesno12/11/2020
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AUT5AustriaCarinthia, Austria46.67114.491Nursing home5 staff, 14 employeesIndoor191930/10/2020Ages.atborderlineno12/11/2020
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AUT6AustriaKindberg-Aumühl, Austria47.49315.431Nursing homeIndoor212101/10/2020Kleine Zeitungnono12/11/2020
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AUT7AustriaNiederösterreich, Austria48.14215.913Choir: PracticeNursing home resident was member of choir where (s)he was infectedNursing homeIndoor281723/10/2020ORF.atborderlineyesno12/11/2020
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BEL1BelgiumStaden, Belgium50.953.015Meat ProcessingCutting department of Westvlees meat processing plantIndoor1802/08/2020Brussels Timesnoyes05/08/2020
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BEL2BelgiumLochristi, Belgium51.0923.859DinnerGroup dinner seniorsIndoor3024511/10/2020VRTborderlinenoyesyesyesyesno29/10/2020
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BEL3BelgiumDeinze, BelgiumSchool: PrimaryTeacher likely index case who infected 18 of 26 studentsIndoor19191182612/10/2020VRTnoyesnoyesAerosol23/11/2020
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BEL4BelgiumMol, Belgium51.172727185.1190037Nursing homeMasked and socially distanced Sinterklaas suspected index case infecting 57 nursing home residentsIndoor12112117004/12/2020Brussels Timesyesnoyesyes12/12/2020
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BLZ1BelizeBelize City, Belize17.449-88.383PrisonKolbe Foundation, Belize Central prisonIndoor909019027/10/2020pressoffice.gov.bznono19/11/2020
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BOL1BoliviaOruro, Cochabamba, Bolivia-17.0326-64.8612HouseholdTravel from Italy, contact with relativesUnknown77103/03/2020Escalera-Antezana et alyesno02/11/2020
85
BRA01BrazilBahia State, Brazil-22.9839557-43.2022163Wedding / EngagementIndoor / Outdoor6007/03/2020Guardiannoyesno30/08/2020
86
BRA02BrazilRio de Janeiro, Brazil-22.906847-43.172897Wedding / EngagementIndoor / Outdoor1210/03/2020Vejarionoyesno30/08/2020
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BRA03BrazilRondônia, Brazil-10.83077-63.293072PartyTwo partiesIndoor4204/04/2020Ultimo Segundounclearyesno30/08/2020
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BRA04BrazilSão Paulo, Brazil-23.55052-46.633308PartyIndoor1431/03/2020BBCunclearyesno30/08/2020
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BRA05BrazilPasso Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul-28.287191-52.350634Meat ProcessingJBS poultry processing plantIndoor9409/04/2020G1noyesyes30/08/2020
90
BRA06BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.985596-51.150566MedicalIndoor3224/04/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brnono29/06/2020
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BRA07BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.99428-51.162003MedicalIndoor708/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA08BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.011925-51.177973MedicalIndoor510/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA09BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.02-51.14Otherunknown1116/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA10BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.95-51.12MedicalIndoor2718/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA11BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.02-51.14MedicalIndoor1922/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA12BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.03-51.145MedicalIndoor1524/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA13BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.025-51.2MedicalIndoor2121/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA14BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.05-51.195MedicalIndoor19126/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
99
BRA15BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.055-51.188Otherunknown2326/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
100
BRA16BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.07-51.07MedicalIndoor2530/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
101
BRA17BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.065-51.09MedicalIndoor3630/05/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.brborderlineno29/06/2020
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BRA18BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.97428-51.132003MedicalIndoor1104/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno30/06/2020
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BRA19BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.95-51.135Nursing homeIndoor2304/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno30/06/2020
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BRA20BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.93-51.16MedicalIndoor1305/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno30/06/2020
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BRA21BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.99-51.17MedicalIndoor1018/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno30/06/2020
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BRA22BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.985-51.165MedicalIndoor2618/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA23BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.982-51.175MedicalIndoor1323/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA24BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.983-51.177MedicalIndoor6024/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA25BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.15-51.18Nursing homeIndoor1125/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA26BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.17-51.179MedicalIndoor1227/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA27BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.13-51.1679Nursing homeIndoor1328/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA28BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.135-51.155Otherunknown1029/06/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA29BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.142-51.165Nursing homeIndoor2301/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
114
BRA30BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.141-51.155Otherunknown1002/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA31BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.115-51.123Nursing homeIndoor11PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA32BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.055-51.111Otherunknown10PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA33BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.123-51.143Nursing homeIndoor1410/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA34BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.985-51.126Nursing homeIndoor1610/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
119
BRA35BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.895-51.156Nursing homeIndoor1011/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA36BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.884-51.135Nursing homeIndoor1511/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
121
BRA37BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.895-51.145MedicalIndoor2514/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA38BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.8935-51.19Otherunknown1715/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA39BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.899-51.176Nursing homeIndoor1715/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRA40BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-29.897-50.99Nursing homeIndoor1319/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
125
BRA41BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.057-50.986Nursing homeIndoor1120/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
126
BRA42BrazilPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul-30.886-50.956Otherunknown10222/07/2020PortoAlegre.rs.gov.bryesno04/08/2020
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BRN1BruneiBrunei4.445114.551ReligiousIndex case was somebody who was infected at MYS1Indoor269112505/03/2020CDCyesno16/11/2020
128
CAN01CanadaCalgary, Alberta, Canada51.028919-113.951879ReligiousGroup prayer in local homeIndoor3406/03/2020Calgary Heraldyesno30/08/2020
129
CAN02CanadaSt. John's, Newfoundland, Canada47.554022-52.727451FuneralFuneralsIndoor / Outdoor14316/03/2020CTV Newsyesno04/09/2020
130
CAN03CanadaChristopher Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada53.540061-105.783728PartySnowmobile Club MealIndoor2414/03/2020CTV Newsyesyesno
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CAN04CanadaHigh River, Alberta, Canada50.577379-113.839292Meat ProcessingHigh River's Cargill Indoor150031/03/2020Globe and Mailyesyesyes
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CAN05CanadaEdmonton, Canada53.529273-113.481736Sports: ParticipationCurlingIndoor2412/03/2020National Postyesyesyes
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CAN06CanadaToronto, Canada44.543917-78.546329Nursing homeCare HomeIndoor2918/03/2020CTV News articleyesno
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CAN08CanadaMission Institution, B. C., Canada49.16414955-122.2885178PrisonIndoor13231/03/2020CTV Newsyesno
135
CAN09CanadaRacine, Quebec, Canada45.5036068-72.2522645Sports: ParticipationHockey game + drinksBarIndoor / Outdoor1529/02/2020Montreal Gazetteyesyesno
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CAN10CanadaChilliwack, B. C., Canada49.08489-122.031333Meat ProcessingIndoor701/05/2020The Chilliwack Progressyesyesyes02/09/2020